Decades after the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls wowed the world with ancient biblical manuscripts, dozens of new scroll fragments have been discovered in the caves of the Israeli desert. But while the scrolls now housed in the Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem were discovered by Bedouin shepherds beginning in 1946, the new discovery is part of a major operation to preempt any plundering that may take place in the countless caves of the Judaean wilderness.