Media have long focused on a letter to Pius XII from a German Jesuit that details the atrocities occurring at a camp in German-occupied Poland. The assertion is that the letter “proves” Pius XII knew about the systematic murder of Jews in 1942. The implication is that his alleged inaction is inexcusable, and his defenders are dishonest in claiming that Pius did not realize how serious the situation was. The problem is there are two false premises here.